Patients on hemodialysis who are adequately dialyzed but experience protein energy wasting (PEW) may receive intradialytic parenteral nutrition (IDPN). These patients have nutritional intake or other health conditions that have led to PEW (e.g. cancer) and attempts to improve nutritional status have been tried (e.g. nutritional supplements). Nutrition contains carbohydrates, amino acids, lipids, electrolytes, vitamins, mineral and trace elements.
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Sabatino, A., Regolisti, G., Antonucci, E., Cabassi, A., Morabito, S., & Fiaccadori, E.
(2014). Intradialytic parenteral nutrition in end-stage renal disease: practical aspects, and limits. Journal of nephrology, 27(4), 377-383.